Insect pests and diseases are among the major constraints to enhancing production and productivity of vegetable crops. In recent years, farmer incomes have been declining particularly due to the rising costs of inputs for plant protection. Plant protection in the present day is mainly oriented towards chemical control. In India, insecticides are used much more than other pesticides such as fungicides and herbicides. In some areas, farmers are applying 25 to 40 chemical sprays to the crop particu...